1930s Indian Movies

The film is based on a story set in the Chola Empire in year 1083 AD. The titular character in the story is Ambikapathy (M K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar), the son of the Tamil poet Kambar (Serugulathur Sama) who is in love with the Chola princess and daughter of Kulothunga Chola, Amaravati (played by M. R. Santhanalakshmi). The king objects to their love and insists on testing Ambikapathy's literary mettle before judging his worth. The test given to Ambikapathi is that he should write and sing a hundred poems in the field of Puram (dealing with war and politics). The poems should not have any reference to the field of Aram (dealing of love and romance). Ambikapathi begins the test in the King's court with a Kadavul Vaazhthu (invocation to God). Amaravathi who is keeping the count, mistakes the invocation as a poem and counts it as poem number one.

Thiruneelakantar is a 1939 Tamil-language film directed by Raja Sandow and starring M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar. The film was a big hit and was known for M.K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar's acting apart from his songs. Famous nadaswaram artist T. N. Rajarathinam Pillai makes a guest appearanace in the movie.The film was based on the life history of Thiruneelakanta Nayanar, one of the 63 Nayanmars.

Vijayakumar and Sukumar (K. P. Kesavan) are brothers. Sukumar, the younger brother is an actor and goes to Madras to earn a living. There he gets a break and becomes famous. The money he sends for his family's upkeep is stolen by Vijayakumar and his wife. Because of their greed, the joint family gets split. After some time, the wayward brother and sister in law have a change of heart and repent for their actions. The family is once again reunited.

A wealthy man escapes after shooting his friend in drunken state which results in a drastic change in his life then.

Pavalakkodi is a 1934 Tamil language film starring M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar and directed by K. Subramanyam. It was the first film for both of them. The film's music was composed by Papanasam Sivan. Pavalakkodi tells the mythical love story of Arjuna (Thyagaraja Bhagavathar) and Pavalakkodi (S. D. Subbulakshmi), the princess of Coral Island.

Devdas, the son of a zamindar, and Parvati, his neighbour's daughter, are childhood sweethearts. However, class and caste differences prevent their marriage. Devdas is sent off to Calcutta, while Paro is married off to an aged rich widower. In Calcutta, as remorse drives him to alcohol, Devdas meets Chandramukhi, a tawaif.

This classic film chronicles the life of Tukaram (17th C.), one of Maharashtra’s most popular saint poets, activating the 20th century resonances of his turning away from courtly Sanskrit towards vernacular rhythms of religious poetry.

A spirited contribution to the Independence movement, deploying Gandhian themes.

Two sisters, Iqbal and Sharifa, battle for control of a kingdom. Iqbal wins, persecuting Sharifa, who is supported by Iqbal's husband. When Iqbal captures her brother-in-law, he stands firm in his ideals. The treacherous general's daughter, Bano, champions a pacifist campaign after losing her lover. With the help of the adventurous Nadia and Parsee Charlie, disguised as dancers, they infiltrate the enemy.

A Princess is tricked into marrying a naive and illiterate youth.

A jaded socialite, Vinakumari, and her lover, Dr. Rasik, discover purpose at a Gandhian ashram. Vinakumari dedicates herself to the poor as the ashram battles challenges from urban temptation to famine and greedy landlords. Dr. Rasik eventually joins the cause, bringing much-needed medical aid to the struggling community.

A story of a loving couple who get separated because of the evil designs of some envious persons.

To the vow made to sage Vishwamitra, King Harishchandra bequeath his kingdom to the sage, sells his wife Chandramati and son Rohitdas.

The naive Saroop (Nandrekar) romantically renounces earthly pleasures under the influence of a sadhu (Ashraf Khan). Arrested at a fairground and jailed, fellow convicts change his view of the world. Working in the prison’s garden, he meets the superintendent Sohanlal’s (Nazir) daughter Durga (Kumari), who was married as a child to a boy now believed dead. Ranjit (Singh) covets her and on her wedding day to the nasty Ranjit, it is discovered that Saroop was her child-husband.

A love affair and two feuding families who play out a Romeo and Juliet type drama in 17th century India, under the Emperor Jehangir.

A classic modernization melodrama exploring the consequences of female autonomy.

An early social drama produced and directed by Sohrab Modi

Gunsundari, the dutiful wife, acts as savior for her troubled joint family. Her father-in-law Shyamaldas battles alcoholism and accusations, while her husband Chandrakant falls prey to villains and a prostitute, losing his property. Gunsundari also aids her sister-in-law Sushila through marital woes, facing personal trouble due to a secret. Destitute, she eventually reunites with a similarly down-on-his-luck Chandrakant on the streets. A coincidence ultimately reveals Shyamaldas left his property to his estranged son, leading to a happy ending.

Dr. Madhurika, a career-focused woman, marries Narendra on condition .of no children or interference. Her neglect of home and close ties with colleague Dr. Gaurish spark Narendra's jealousy. However, when Narendra helps Gaurish's wife and a stranger, Madhurika's own jealousy leads her to embrace a domesticated role

Betaab's best-known script tells of Radha (Gohar), a carefree rural belle who is supposed to marry childhood friend Gopal, but instead falls in love with a stranger who turns out to be the missing Prince Vijaysingh. When Ihe king despatches soldiers to recover the prince, Vijaysingh discards the pregnant Radha. She is attacked by the villagers for her immorality and eventually appears before the prince, her former lover, in court where she refuses to denounce him. Her child dies, she becomes a prostitute and eventually dies in the arms of the prince.

Based on 'Vishnu Purana', the film deals with the story of Prahlada and his devotion to Lord Vishnu.

India's second sound film beautifully narrates the ancient Persian love story of Shirin and Farhad from Nizami Ganjavi's Shahnameh. Farhad, a gifted sculptor, falls deeply in love with Queen Shirin. King Khusro, wishing to keep them apart, tasks Farhad with an impossible feat: demolishing the mighty Besutun mountain on his own. Despite the immense challenge, Farhad's unwavering love drives him. The film concludes with their poignant union in death, as Shirin's tomb miraculously opens to receive him.

Chandragupta is a 1934 historical film that chronicles the rise of Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Mauryan Empire. Directed by A.R. Kardar, the film depicts Chandragupta's journey from a humble background to becoming a powerful emperor, guided by the strategic brilliance of his advisor, Chanakya. The narrative likely covers the political turmoil of ancient India, including the decline of the Nanda Empire, the threat posed by Alexander the Great's invasion, and Chandragupta's efforts to unite various kingdoms to establish a vast and influential empire.

Mafatlal, an unemployed wanderer, is kicked out of his home with a mission: get rich. He chases a "resident son-in-law" ad, plots lawsuits, and even fakes being a station-master, enduring robbery along the way. Ultimately, he's chosen by Heeralaxmi, a woman with "advanced views." The film is packed with quirky women campaigning on bizarre platforms, a comedy subtly exploring male anxieties in the face of female liberation.

A tearful melodrama about a progressive writer, Pushpa (Gohar), and her weak husband, Kulin (Billimoria). She has to fight her domineering mother-in-law and the tyrannies of a conservative household. When falsely accused of theft and infidelity by her wayward sister-in-law Gulab, Pushpa is forced out of the house. In her final state of penury, she recalls the examples of the great female Saint-Poets of Indian history, like Meerabai. Secondary characters are used to caricature Bombay's merchant class e.g. Mahatma Ramanand Adambar, a fortune-teller who suspects his wife of infidelity, and a gold collector called Prof. Pyarelal.

Set in medieval Rajput court, mainly addresses Rajput notions of chivalry. The legendary warrior Mansingh (Phatak) is the nation's strong man but he is cordially hated even by his own people. Claiming to have been offended by Taramati (Tarkhad), he insists to her eminent father that only a marriage (on terms insulting to her) can placate him. He becomes a tyrant imprisoning large numbers of people, and eventually Taramati's father, also in prison, leads a popular revolt, threatening to kill his son-in-law. Only Taramati's decision to protect her husband resolves the conflict.

The tyrannical Jabbar attacks a village and kidnaps the son of the devout Sayyed, named Iqbal. Raised by his captor, Iqbal becomes a tyrannical commander in Jabbar's army, forcing people to accept Jabbar as their god. During a campaign, he meets a group of "true" religious believers led by Sadiq, his daughter Sadika, and Princess Hamida. Hamida falls in love with Iqbal, much to the dismay of her suitor, Shaddad. As the plot unfolds, Iqbal learns of his true ancestry and is faced with a profound choice.

An early Indian romantic drama exploring an unusual or unique love story and its challenges.

Ostensibly a Central Asian war fantasy about a conflict between the Cossacks and the Tartars, Mehboob’s film proposes a tale advocating national independence. The Cossacks are oppressed by the despotic Russian king (Siddiqui) and his minister Jabir (Kayamali), who has Tartar blood in him. General Murad (Kumar) covertly sides with the opposition, gets arrested for treason and escapes. He meets the wild Gulnar (Sitara Devi) and gets her to spy as a maid of Princess Nigar (Bibbo). Nigar falls for Murad and Gulnar withdraws from the scene for the sake of her nation. Eventually Nigar, at the head of an army of women, helps defeat the villains.

This mythological film is based on the Mahabharata. It depicts the tale of how Savitri (Gohar) saves her husband Satyavan (Bhagwandas) from the clutches of Yama, the god of death.

An adventorous drama centered on a bold, rebellious, and unconventional female protagonist

The film is based on the episode of the dice game and the disrobing of Draupadi in the Indian epic Mahabharatha

An early drama starring Devika Rani, was a social drama exploring motherly love, family bonds, and sacrifice.

A love tragedy featuring a policeman, Ganpat (Modak) and a prostitute, Mainal (Hublikar). Ganpat saves Maina from a police raid on a brothel and they fall in love. Her reputation and sense of guilt resist his attempts to rehabilitate her. Ganpat's respectable middle-class mother (Sundarabai) symbolizes all that Maina would like to be, but she is arrested for murdering her evil uncle and refuses Ganpat's offer to release her from prison.

Amar (Bilimoria) and Ila's (Shantakumari) love is disrupteted by the dashing Samar (Ishwarlal). The rivals get embroiled in the Kashmir war and Samar dies in Amar's arms. Amar returns to find that Ila has become an ascetic but they eventually get married.

A period adventure with Motilal in a famous dual role. Judhajit (Sankatha), the outlawed brother of the king of Udayanagar, wants revenge on the royal family. He had left the palace with one of the king's twin sons who grew up as Indrajit, the twin of the drunken and debauched Prince Shatrujit (both Motilal) due to marry Princess Chanda (Sabita Devi). Indrajit is sent to kidnap her as part of the vendetta but the two fall in love. Shatrujit is too drunk to go through the marriage procedure and the dewan (Ansari) asks Indrajit to impersonate his brother. Indrajit is now torn between his love for Chanda and his promise to the dewan, but the story ends happily,

This modernization drama tells of Prof. Mukherjee (David), the inventor of a diamond manufacturing process. His uncle, the stockbroker Romesh Chandra (Gyani) who invests in diamond mines, faces bankruptcy because Sardar Mulkraj (Nayampally) plots to ruin the mine owner Rangnath (Mohan) and take power in the feudal state of Panipur. The invention can alter the power struggle if either of the factions gets hold of it.

1938 Hindi language film

Successful stunt movie featuring a vivacious prince (Jayant), his evil uncle, and a masked girl (Akhtar). Its major attractions, apart from Akhtar who also sings all the songs, is a performing gorilla. Together with e.g. Leatherface (1939), this is the best known of mythological specialist Bhatt’s early stunt work.

In this stunt-film, Hero Samar (Jairaj) singlehandedly takes on the might of the oppressive state led by the warlord chief (M. Zahoor). He falls in love with the chief's sister Ila (Mehtab) and fights his revolution from the tavern of Dulari (Shirin) with little more than a band of adventurers, a leatherface mask, his faithful dog Tiger, and his horse Bahadur.